区别就是两者意思是一样的，只是medical devices为可数名词复数形式而medical equipment不可数名词形式，中文意思是医疗设备；医疗器材

The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated.最近这家医院获得了一批新的医疗设备，可以让更多的病人得到治疗。